numcodecs_zlib/

lib.rs

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//!
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//!
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//! [repo]: https://github.com/juntyr/numcodecs-rs
//!
//! [Latest Version]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/numcodecs-zlib
//! [crates.io]: https://crates.io/crates/numcodecs-zlib
//!
//! [Rust Doc Crate]: https://img.shields.io/docsrs/numcodecs-zlib
//! [docs.rs]: https://docs.rs/numcodecs-zlib/
//!
//! [Rust Doc Main]: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-main-blue
//! [docs]: https://juntyr.github.io/numcodecs-rs/numcodecs_zlib
//!
//! Zlib codec implementation for the [`numcodecs`] API.

#![expect(clippy::multiple_crate_versions)] // embedded-io

use std::borrow::Cow;

use ndarray::Array1;
use numcodecs::{
    AnyArray, AnyArrayAssignError, AnyArrayDType, AnyArrayView, AnyArrayViewMut, AnyCowArray,
    Codec, StaticCodec, StaticCodecConfig, StaticCodecVersion,
};
use schemars::{JsonSchema, JsonSchema_repr};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_repr::{Deserialize_repr, Serialize_repr};
use thiserror::Error;

type ZlibCodecVersion = StaticCodecVersion<0, 1, 0>;

#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
/// Codec providing compression using Zlib
pub struct ZlibCodec {
    /// Zlib compression level.
    ///
    /// The level ranges from 0, no compression, to 9, best compression.
    pub level: ZlibLevel,
    /// The codec's encoding format version. Do not provide this parameter explicitly.
    #[serde(default, rename = "_version")]
    pub version: ZlibCodecVersion,
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Serialize_repr, Deserialize_repr, JsonSchema_repr)]
#[repr(u8)]
/// Zlib compression level.
///
/// The level ranges from 0, no compression, to 9, best compression.
#[expect(missing_docs)]
pub enum ZlibLevel {
    ZNoCompression = 0,
    ZBestSpeed = 1,
    ZLevel2 = 2,
    ZLevel3 = 3,
    ZLevel4 = 4,
    ZLevel5 = 5,
    ZLevel6 = 6,
    ZLevel7 = 7,
    ZLevel8 = 8,
    ZBestCompression = 9,
}

impl Codec for ZlibCodec {
    type Error = ZlibCodecError;

    fn encode(&self, data: AnyCowArray) -> Result<AnyArray, Self::Error> {
        compress(data.view(), self.level)
            .map(|bytes| AnyArray::U8(Array1::from_vec(bytes).into_dyn()))
    }

    fn decode(&self, encoded: AnyCowArray) -> Result<AnyArray, Self::Error> {
        let AnyCowArray::U8(encoded) = encoded else {
            return Err(ZlibCodecError::EncodedDataNotBytes {
                dtype: encoded.dtype(),
            });
        };

        if !matches!(encoded.shape(), [_]) {
            return Err(ZlibCodecError::EncodedDataNotOneDimensional {
                shape: encoded.shape().to_vec(),
            });
        }

        decompress(&AnyCowArray::U8(encoded).as_bytes())
    }

    fn decode_into(
        &self,
        encoded: AnyArrayView,
        decoded: AnyArrayViewMut,
    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
        let AnyArrayView::U8(encoded) = encoded else {
            return Err(ZlibCodecError::EncodedDataNotBytes {
                dtype: encoded.dtype(),
            });
        };

        if !matches!(encoded.shape(), [_]) {
            return Err(ZlibCodecError::EncodedDataNotOneDimensional {
                shape: encoded.shape().to_vec(),
            });
        }

        decompress_into(&AnyArrayView::U8(encoded).as_bytes(), decoded)
    }
}

impl StaticCodec for ZlibCodec {
    const CODEC_ID: &'static str = "zlib.rs";

    type Config<'de> = Self;

    fn from_config(config: Self::Config<'_>) -> Self {
        config
    }

    fn get_config(&self) -> StaticCodecConfig<Self> {
        StaticCodecConfig::from(self)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
/// Errors that may occur when applying the [`ZlibCodec`].
pub enum ZlibCodecError {
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] failed to encode the header
    #[error("Zlib failed to encode the header")]
    HeaderEncodeFailed {
        /// Opaque source error
        source: ZlibHeaderError,
    },
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] can only decode one-dimensional byte arrays but received
    /// an array of a different dtype
    #[error(
        "Zlib can only decode one-dimensional byte arrays but received an array of dtype {dtype}"
    )]
    EncodedDataNotBytes {
        /// The unexpected dtype of the encoded array
        dtype: AnyArrayDType,
    },
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] can only decode one-dimensional byte arrays but received
    /// an array of a different shape
    #[error(
        "Zlib can only decode one-dimensional byte arrays but received a byte array of shape {shape:?}"
    )]
    EncodedDataNotOneDimensional {
        /// The unexpected shape of the encoded array
        shape: Vec<usize>,
    },
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] failed to encode the header
    #[error("Zlib failed to decode the header")]
    HeaderDecodeFailed {
        /// Opaque source error
        source: ZlibHeaderError,
    },
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] decode consumed less encoded data, which contains trailing
    /// junk
    #[error("Zlib decode consumed less encoded data, which contains trailing junk")]
    DecodeExcessiveEncodedData,
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] produced less decoded data than expected
    #[error("Zlib produced less decoded data than expected")]
    DecodeProducedLess,
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] failed to decode the encoded data
    #[error("Zlib failed to decode the encoded data")]
    ZlibDecodeFailed {
        /// Opaque source error
        source: ZlibDecodeError,
    },
    /// [`ZlibCodec`] cannot decode into the provided array
    #[error("Zlib cannot decode into the provided array")]
    MismatchedDecodeIntoArray {
        /// The source of the error
        #[from]
        source: AnyArrayAssignError,
    },
}

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error(transparent)]
/// Opaque error for when encoding or decoding the header fails
pub struct ZlibHeaderError(postcard::Error);

#[derive(Debug, Error)]
#[error(transparent)]
/// Opaque error for when decoding with Zlib fails
pub struct ZlibDecodeError(miniz_oxide::inflate::DecompressError);

#[expect(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
/// Compress the `array` using Zlib with the provided `level`.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Errors with [`ZlibCodecError::HeaderEncodeFailed`] if encoding the header
/// to the output bytevec failed.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the infallible encoding with Zlib fails.
pub fn compress(array: AnyArrayView, level: ZlibLevel) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ZlibCodecError> {
    let data = array.as_bytes();

    let mut encoded = postcard::to_extend(
        &CompressionHeader {
            dtype: array.dtype(),
            shape: Cow::Borrowed(array.shape()),
            version: StaticCodecVersion,
        },
        Vec::new(),
    )
    .map_err(|err| ZlibCodecError::HeaderEncodeFailed {
        source: ZlibHeaderError(err),
    })?;

    let mut in_pos = 0;
    let mut out_pos = encoded.len();

    // The comp flags function sets the zlib flag if the window_bits parameter
    //  is > 0.
    let flags =
        miniz_oxide::deflate::core::create_comp_flags_from_zip_params((level as u8).into(), 1, 0);
    let mut compressor = miniz_oxide::deflate::core::CompressorOxide::new(flags);
    encoded.resize(encoded.len() + (data.len() / 2).max(2), 0);

    loop {
        let (Some(data_left), Some(encoded_left)) =
            (data.get(in_pos..), encoded.get_mut(out_pos..))
        else {
            #[expect(clippy::panic)] // this would be a bug and cannot be user-caused
            {
                panic!("Zlib encode bug: input or output is out of bounds")
            }
        };

        let (status, bytes_in, bytes_out) = miniz_oxide::deflate::core::compress(
            &mut compressor,
            data_left,
            encoded_left,
            miniz_oxide::deflate::core::TDEFLFlush::Finish,
        );

        out_pos += bytes_out;
        in_pos += bytes_in;

        match status {
            miniz_oxide::deflate::core::TDEFLStatus::Okay => {
                // We need more space, so resize the vector.
                if encoded.len().saturating_sub(out_pos) < 30 {
                    encoded.resize(encoded.len() * 2, 0);
                }
            }
            miniz_oxide::deflate::core::TDEFLStatus::Done => {
                encoded.truncate(out_pos);

                assert!(
                    in_pos == data.len(),
                    "Zlib encode bug: consumed less input than expected"
                );

                return Ok(encoded);
            }
            #[expect(clippy::panic)] // this would be a bug and cannot be user-caused
            err => panic!("Zlib encode bug: {err:?}"),
        }
    }
}

/// Decompress the `encoded` data into an array using Zlib.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Errors with
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::HeaderDecodeFailed`] if decoding the header failed
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::DecodeExcessiveEncodedData`] if the encoded data
///   contains excessive trailing data junk
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::DecodeProducedLess`] if decoding produced less data than
///   expected
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::ZlibDecodeFailed`] if an opaque decoding error occurred
pub fn decompress(encoded: &[u8]) -> Result<AnyArray, ZlibCodecError> {
    let (header, encoded) =
        postcard::take_from_bytes::<CompressionHeader>(encoded).map_err(|err| {
            ZlibCodecError::HeaderDecodeFailed {
                source: ZlibHeaderError(err),
            }
        })?;

    let (decoded, result) = AnyArray::with_zeros_bytes(header.dtype, &header.shape, |decoded| {
        decompress_into_bytes(encoded, decoded)
    });

    result.map(|()| decoded)
}

/// Decompress the `encoded` data into a `decoded` array using Zlib.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Errors with
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::HeaderDecodeFailed`] if decoding the header failed
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::MismatchedDecodeIntoArray`] if the `decoded` array is of
///   the wrong dtype or shape
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::HeaderDecodeFailed`] if decoding the header failed
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::DecodeExcessiveEncodedData`] if the encoded data
///   contains excessive trailing data junk
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::DecodeProducedLess`] if decoding produced less data than
///   expected
/// - [`ZlibCodecError::ZlibDecodeFailed`] if an opaque decoding error occurred
pub fn decompress_into(encoded: &[u8], mut decoded: AnyArrayViewMut) -> Result<(), ZlibCodecError> {
    let (header, encoded) =
        postcard::take_from_bytes::<CompressionHeader>(encoded).map_err(|err| {
            ZlibCodecError::HeaderDecodeFailed {
                source: ZlibHeaderError(err),
            }
        })?;

    if header.dtype != decoded.dtype() {
        return Err(ZlibCodecError::MismatchedDecodeIntoArray {
            source: AnyArrayAssignError::DTypeMismatch {
                src: header.dtype,
                dst: decoded.dtype(),
            },
        });
    }

    if header.shape != decoded.shape() {
        return Err(ZlibCodecError::MismatchedDecodeIntoArray {
            source: AnyArrayAssignError::ShapeMismatch {
                src: header.shape.into_owned(),
                dst: decoded.shape().to_vec(),
            },
        });
    }

    decoded.with_bytes_mut(|decoded| decompress_into_bytes(encoded, decoded))
}

fn decompress_into_bytes(encoded: &[u8], decoded: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), ZlibCodecError> {
    let flags = miniz_oxide::inflate::core::inflate_flags::TINFL_FLAG_PARSE_ZLIB_HEADER
        | miniz_oxide::inflate::core::inflate_flags::TINFL_FLAG_USING_NON_WRAPPING_OUTPUT_BUF;

    let mut decomp = Box::<miniz_oxide::inflate::core::DecompressorOxide>::default();

    let (status, in_consumed, out_consumed) =
        miniz_oxide::inflate::core::decompress(&mut decomp, encoded, decoded, 0, flags);

    match status {
        miniz_oxide::inflate::TINFLStatus::Done => {
            if in_consumed != encoded.len() {
                Err(ZlibCodecError::DecodeExcessiveEncodedData)
            } else if out_consumed == decoded.len() {
                Ok(())
            } else {
                Err(ZlibCodecError::DecodeProducedLess)
            }
        }
        status => Err(ZlibCodecError::ZlibDecodeFailed {
            source: ZlibDecodeError(miniz_oxide::inflate::DecompressError {
                status,
                output: Vec::new(),
            }),
        }),
    }
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct CompressionHeader<'a> {
    dtype: AnyArrayDType,
    #[serde(borrow)]
    shape: Cow<'a, [usize]>,
    version: ZlibCodecVersion,
}